Ⅰ. 插件描述
Better whitespace highlighting for VimⅡ. 基本信息
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Ⅲ. 安装方法
使用Vundle管理器安装
在你的.vimrc下添加:Plugin 'ntpeters/better-whitespace':source %
:PluginInstall对于Vundle版本 < 0.10.2，请用上面的Bundle替换Plugin。
使用NeoBundle管理器安装
在你的.vimrc下添加:NeoBundle 'ntpeters/better-whitespace':source %
:NeoBundleInstall使用VimPlug管理器安装
在你的.vimrc下添加:Plug 'ntpeters/better-whitespace':source %
:PlugInstall使用Pathogen管理器安装
在终端中运行以下命令:cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/ntpeters/vim-better-whitespaceⅣ. 文档说明
# Vim Better Whitespace Plugin
This plugin causes all trailing whitespace characters (see [Supported Whitespace
Characters](#supported-whitespace-characters) below) to be highlighted. Whitespace for the current line will
not be highlighted while in insert mode. It is possible to disable current line highlighting while in other
modes as well (see options below). A helper function :StripWhitespace is also provided to make whitespace
cleaning painless.
Here is a screenshot of this plugin at work:
Installation
There are a few ways you can go about installing this plugin:
If you have Vundle you can simply add:
Plugin 'ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace'to your
.vimrcfile then run::PluginInstallIf you are using Pathogen, you can just run the following command:
git clone git://github.com/ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace.git ~/.vim/bundle/vim-better-whitespace- While this plugin can also be installed by copying its contents into your
~/.vim/directory, I would
highly recommend using one of the above methods as they make managing your Vim plugins painless.
Usage
Whitespace highlighting is enabled by default, with a highlight color of red.
To set a custom highlight color, just call:
highlight ExtraWhitespace ctermbg=<desired_color>or
let g:better_whitespace_ctermcolor='<desired_color>'Similarly, to set gui color:
let g:better_whitespace_guicolor='<desired_color>'To enable highlighting and stripping whitespace on save by default, use respectively
let g:better_whitespace_enabled=1 let g:strip_whitespace_on_save=1Set them to 0 to disable this default behaviour. See below for the blacklist of file types
and per-buffer settings.To enable/disable/toggle whitespace highlighting in a buffer, call one of:
:EnableWhitespace :DisableWhitespace :ToggleWhitespaceThe highlighting for the current line in normal mode can be disabled in two ways:
let g:current_line_whitespace_disabled_hard=1This will maintain whitespace highlighting as it is, but may cause a
slow down in Vim since it uses the CursorMoved event to detect and
exclude the current line.let g:current_line_whitespace_disabled_soft=1
This will use syntax based highlighting, so there shouldn't be a
performance hit like with thehardoption. The drawback is that this
highlighting will have a lower priority and may be overwritten by higher
priority highlighting.To clean extra whitespace, call:
:StripWhitespaceBy default this operates on the entire file. To restrict the portion of
the file that it cleans, either give it a range or select a group of lines
in visual mode and then execute it.There is an operator (defaulting to
<leader>s) to clean whitespace.
For example, in normal mode,<leader>sipwill remove trailing whitespace from the
current paragraph.You can change the operator it, for example to set it to _s, using:
let g:better_whitespace_operator='_s'Now
<number>_s<space>strips whitespace on <number> lines, and_s<motion>on the
lines affected by the motion given. Set to the empty string to deactivate the operator.Note: This operator will not be mapped if an existing, user-defined
mapping is detected for the provided operator value.
To enable/disable stripping of extra whitespace on file save for a buffer, call one of:
:EnableStripWhitespaceOnSave :DisableStripWhitespaceOnSave :ToggleStripWhitespaceOnSaveThis will strip all trailing whitespace everytime you save the file for all file types.
If you want this behaviour by default for all filetypes, add the following to your
~/.vimrc:let g:strip_whitespace_on_save = 1
For exceptions of all see ```g:better_whitespace_filetypes_blacklist```.
* If you would prefer to only strip whitespace for certain filetypes, add
the following to your `~/.vimrc`:
autocmd FileType <desired_filetypes> EnableStripWhitespaceOnSave where `<desired_filetypes>` is a comma separated list of the file types you want
to be stripped of whitespace on file save ( ie. `javascript,c,cpp,java,html,ruby` )
* If you want to disable automatically stripping whitespace for large files, you can specify
a maximum number of lines (e.g. 1000) by adding the following to your `~/.vimrc`:
let g:strip_max_file_size = 1000 This overrides `let g:strip_whitespace_on_save` but not `:EnableStripWhitespaceOnSave`.
Set to `0` to deactivate.
* By default, you will be asked for confirmation before whitespace is
stripped when you save the file. This can be disabled by adding the
following to your `~/.vimrc`:let g:strip_whitespace_confirm=0* By default, all the lines in the file will have their trailing whitespace stripped
when you save the file. This can be changed to only the modified lines, by adding
the following to your `~/.vimrc`:let g:strip_only_modified_lines=1* You can override the binary used to check which lines have been modified in the file.
For example to force a 'diff' installed in a different prefix and ignoring the changes
due to tab expansions, you can set the following:let g:diff_binary='/usr/local/bin/diff -E'To disable the highlighting for specific file types, add the following to your
~/.vimrc:let g:better_whitespace_filetypes_blacklist=['<filetype1>', '<filetype2>', '<etc>']This replaces the filetypes from the default list of blacklisted filetypes. The
default types that are blacklisted are:['diff', 'gitcommit', 'unite', 'qf', 'help', 'markdown']If you prefer to also keep these default filetypes ignored, simply include them in the
blacklist:let g:better_whitespace_filetypes_blacklist=['<filetype1>', '<filetype2>', '<etc>', 'diff', 'gitcommit', 'unite', 'qf', 'help']This blacklist can be overriden on a per-buffer basis using the buffer toggle enable and
disable commands presented above. For example:" highlight whitespace in markdown files, though stripping remains disabled by the blacklist :autocmd FileType markdown EnableWhitespace " Do not modify kernel files, even though their type is not blacklisted and highlighting is enabled :autocmd BufRead /usr/src/linux* DisableStripWhitespaceOnSaveTo strip white lines at the end of the file when stripping whitespace, set this option in your
.vimrc:let g:strip_whitelines_at_eof=1To highlight space characters that appear before or in-between tabs, add the following to your
.vimrc:let g:show_spaces_that_precede_tabs=1Such spaces can not be automatically removed by this plugin, though you can try
=to fix indentation.
You can still navigate to the highlighted spaces with Next/PrevTrailingWhitespace (see below), and fix
them manually.To ignore lines that contain only whitespace, set the following in your
.vimrc:let g:better_whitespace_skip_empty_lines=1To navigate to the previous or next trailing whitespace, you can use commands that you
can map thusly in your.vimrc:nnoremap ]w :NextTrailingWhitespace<CR> nnoremap [w :PrevTrailingWhitespace<CR>Note: those command take an optional range as argument, so you can for example select some
text in visual mode and search only inside it::'<,'>NextTrailingWhitespaceTo enable verbose output for each command, set verbosity in your
.vimrc:let g:better_whitespace_verbosity=1
Supported Whitespace Characters
Due to the fact that the built-in whitespace character class for patterns (\s)
only matches against tabs and spaces, this plugin defines its own list of
horizontal whitespace characters to match for both highlighting and stripping.
This is list should match against all ASCII and Unicode horizontal whitespace
characters:
U+0009 TAB
U+0020 SPACE
U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE
U+1680 OGHAM SPACE MARK
U+180E MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
U+2000 EN QUAD
U+2001 EM QUAD
U+2002 EN SPACE
U+2003 EM SPACE
U+2004 THREE-PER-EM SPACE
U+2005 FOUR-PER-EM SPACE
U+2006 SIX-PER-EM SPACE
U+2007 FIGURE SPACE
U+2008 PUNCTUATION SPACE
U+2009 THIN SPACE
U+200A HAIR SPACE
U+200B ZERO WIDTH SPACE
U+202F NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
U+205F MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE
U+3000 IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE
U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACEA file is provided with samples of each of these characters to check the plugin
working with them: whitespace_examples.txt
If you encounter any additional whitespace characters I have missed here,
please submit a pull request.
Screenshots
Here are a couple more screenshots of the plugin at work.
This screenshot shows the current line not being highlighted in insert mode:
This screenshot shows the current line not being highlighted in normal mode(CurrentLineWhitespaceOff hard):
This screenshot shows that highlighting works fine for spaces, tabs, and a mixture of both:
Frequently Asked Questions
Hopefully some of the most common questions will be answered here. If you still have a question
that I have failed to address, please open an issue and ask it!
Q: Why is trailing whitespace such a big deal?
A: In most cases it is not a syntactical issue, but rather is a common annoyance among
programmers.
Q: Why not just use listchars with SpecialKey highlighting?
A: I tried using listchars to show trail characters with SpecialKey highlighting applied.
Using this method the characters would still show on the current line for me even when the
`SpecialKey` foreground highlight matched the `CursorLine` background highlight.
Q: Okay, so listchars doesn't do exactly what you want, why not just use a match in your vimrc?
A: I am using match in this plugin, but I've also added a way to exclude the current line in
insert mode and/or normal mode.
**Q: If you just want to exclude the current line, why not just use syntax-based highlight rather
than using `match` and `CursorMoved` events?**
A: Syntax-based highlighting is an option in this plugin. It is used to omit the current line when
using `CurrentLineWhitespaceOff soft`. The only issue with this method is that `match` highlighing
takes higher priorty than syntax highlighting. For example, when using a plugin such as
[Indent Guides](https://github.com/nathanaelkane/vim-indent-guides), syntax-based highlighting of
extra whitespace will not highlight additional white space on emtpy lines.
Q: I already have my own method of removing white space, why is the method used in this plugin better?
A: It may not be, depending on the method you are using. The method used in this plugin strips extra
white space and then restores the cursor position and last search history.
Q: Most of this is pretty easy to just add to users' vimrc files. Why make it a plugin?
A: It is true that a large part of this is fairly simple to make a part of an individuals
configuration in their `vimrc`. I wanted to provide something that is easy to setup and use
for both those new to Vim and others who don't want to mess around setting up this
functionality in their `vimrc`.
**Q: Can you add indentation highlighting for spaces/tabs? Can you add highlighting for other
types of white space?**
A: No, and no. Sorry, but both are outside the scope of this plugin. The purpose of this plugin
is to provide a better experience for showing and dealing with extra white space. There is already an
amazing plugin for showing indentation in Vim called [Indent
Guides](https://github.com/nathanaelkane/vim-indent-guides). For other types of white space highlighting,
[listchars](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/options.html#'listchars') should be sufficient.
Q: I have a better way to do something in this plugin. OR You're doing something stupid/wrong/bad.
A: If you know of a better way to do something I am attempting in this plugin, or if I am doing
something improperly/not reccomended then let me know! Please either open an issue informing
me or make the changes yourself and open a pull request. If I am doing something that is bad
or can be improved, I am more than willing to hear about it!
Deprecated commands
Toggling the current line whitespace mode is now a plugin configuration,
and can not be done dynamically anymore. Thus the folowing commands are now deprecated:
:CurrentLineWhitespaceOff <level>where <level> is either hard or soft, and:
:CurrentLineWhitespaceOnIf you really miss this feature, its withdrawal can easily be overriden
by adding the following to the vimrc (after loading the plugin initially):
fun! BetterWhitespaceCurrentLineMode(type)
" set setting to whatever was passed
let g:current_line_whitespace_disabled_soft=a:type == 'soft'
let g:current_line_whitespace_disabled_hard=a:type == 'hard'
" reload plugin
unlet! g:loaded_better_whitespace_plugin
runtime plugin/better-whitespace.vim
" Re-override the deprecated commands
command! -nargs=1 CurrentLineWhitespaceOff call BetterWhitespaceCurrentLineMode(<f-args>)
command! CurrentLineWhitespaceOn call BetterWhitespaceCurrentLineMode('off')
" Manually trigger change for current buffer.
" BufWinEnter will take care of the rest.
filetype detect
endfun
" Override deprecated commands, after (!) loading plugin
command! -nargs=1 CurrentLineWhitespaceOff call BetterWhitespaceCurrentLineMode(<f-args>)
command! CurrentLineWhitespaceOn call BetterWhitespaceCurrentLineMode('off')Promotion
If you like this plugin, please star it on Github and vote it up at Vim.org!
Repository exists at: http://github.com/ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace
Plugin also hosted at: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=4859
Credits
Originally inspired by: https://github.com/bronson/vim-trailing-whitespace
Based on:
http://sartak.org/2011/03/end-of-line-whitespace-in-vim.html